TheScienceofColorSecondEditionDEDICATEDTOOURMENTORS:MathewAlpernClarenceH.GrahamFrancesK.GrahamAnitaE.HendricksonDavidH.KrantzJohnKrauskopfAlexE.KrillR.DuncanLuceDonaldI.A.MacLeodDavidaY.TellerBrianA.WandellDavidR.WilliamsTheScienceofColorSecondEditionEditedbyStevenK.ShevellDepartmentsofPsychologyandOphthalmology&VisualScienceUniversityofChicagoAmsterdam?Boston?Heidelberg?London?NewYork?Oxford?Paris?SanDiego?SanFrancisco?Singapore?Sydney?TokyoThisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperCopyright?2003,OpticalSocietyofAmericaFirsteditionpublished1953Secondedition2003Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,elec-tronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.ElsevierTheBoulevard,Langf