ModelChain:DecentralizedPrivacy-PreservingHealthcarePredictiveModelingFrameworkonPrivateBlockchainNetworksTsung-TingKuo,PhD,1Chun-NanHsu,PhD,1andLucilaOhno-Machado,MD,PhD1,21HealthSystemDepartmentofBiomedicalInformatics,UniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego,LaJolla,CA2DivisionofHealthServicesResearch&Development,VASanDiegoHealthcareSystemAbstractCross-institutionalhealthcarepredictivemodelingcanaccelerateresearchandfacilitatequalityimprovementinitiatives,andthusisimportantfornationalhealthcaredeliverypriorities.Forexample,amodelthatpredictsriskofre-admissionforaparticularsetofpatientswillbemoregeneralizableifdevelopedwithdatafrommultipleinstitutions.Whileprivacy-protectingmethodstobuildpredictivemodelsexist,mostarebasedonacentralizedarchitecture,whichpresentssecurityandrobustnessvulnerabilitiessuchassingle-point-of-failure(andsingle-point-of-